Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi

Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi


Pellets.
Pellets er en energikilde som er laget av treflis, skogsavfall, sagbruksavfall, torv eller landbruksavfall. I Norge er så godt som all produksjon basert på treflis. Treflisa blir kokt under trykk og pressa sammen uten bruk av bindemidler. En pellet har en diameter på 6-12 mm. Normalt blir pellets brukt i pelletsovner og mindre varmesentraler. I større anlegg kan en nytte briketter i stedet for pellets.

Innhold  [skjul] 
1 Brennverdi
2 Norsk produksjon
3 Norsk forbruk
4 Referanser
Brennverdi[rediger kilde]
I følge Norsk Standard NS 3165 skal energiinnholdet i en trepellet (gruppe 1) være på minst 16,9 MJ/kg (4,7 kWh/kg) og fuktinnholdet være maksimalt 10 %.[1] Normalt er norske pellets produsert fra gran eller furu. Disse treslag har en noe lavere brennverdi enn bjørk. Dersom denne pelletsen blir brent i en kamin med virkningsgrad på 85 %, blir effektivt energiinnhold 4,0 kWh pr. kg. Med en pelletspris på f.eks. kr 3,00 pr. kg svarer det til en brenselpris på 75 øre/kWh.

Norsk produksjon[rediger kilde]
Den norske produksjonen var i 2010 på 45.100 tonn. I tillegg ble det importert 14.000 tonn. Eksporten har falt kraftig de siste årene og var i 2010 på under 1000 tonn.[2]

Både i Canada og USA blir det bygd pelletsfabrikker med tanke på eksport til det europeiske markedet.[3] Både nord-amerikanske råvarepriser og storskalaproduksjon gjør at lønnsomheten i norsk pelletsproduksjon er under press. Sagbruksavfall danner grunnlaget for en stor del av den nord-amerikanske pelletsproduksjonen. Flere norske pelletsprodusenter har derfor i løpet av de siste årene innstilt produksjonen.[4] Disse har hatt en kapasitet på noen titals tusen tonn pr år. Imidlertid har et norsk foretak etablert storskala produksjon av pellets til det europeiske markedet. Det er BioWood Norway på Averøya i Møre og Romsdal. Produksjonen er basert på importert trevirke. Kapasiteten til anlegget er på 450.000 tonn pr år og ble offisielt åpna i juni 2010.[5] Anlegget hadde imidlertid store tekniske problem etter oppstart slik at produksjonen først vil starte for fullt i 2011.[6]

Norsk forbruk[rediger kilde]
Pellets leveres i småsekker (12-16 kg), storsekker (700-1000 kg) og som bulk. Prisen inklusive moms (2011) ligger på 3,40 kr/kg i småsekk, 3.20 kr/kg i storsekk og 2700 kr/tonn i bulk.[7]

Det totale salget av pellets har økt de siste åra. I 2010 var det på 58.500 tonn. Økingen i forbruk av pellets skyldes at det er flere varmesentraler som bruker pellets. Salget i bulk (både innenlands og eksport) har derfor økt og er i 2010 oppe i nesten 40.000 tonn som er ei dobling siden 2006. Salg i storsekk har vært nedadgående siden toppåret 2006 og var på snaut 1.300 tonn i 2010. Salg av pellets i småsekk derimot har variert fra år til år men er likevel drøye halvparten av toppåret 2006 og var i 2010 på drøye 18.000 tonn.[8]

Pellets brenner svært rent med svært lave verdier av sot og partikler. Brenningen av pellets foregår i en spesiell pelletsovn eller pelletskamin.

Allergikere og astmatikere som blir plaget av vedfyring, klarer ofte å tilpasse seg fyring med pelletsovn.

Høsten 2006 vedtok den norske regjeringen å gi økonomisk støtte til innkjøp av pelletsovn.

Referanser[rediger kilde]
^ NS 3165:1999 Biofuel – Cylindrical pellets of pure wood – Classification and requirements
^ http://www.nobio.no/images/stories/Statistikk/2010.pdf
^ http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/31/the-smoldering-wood-pellet-business/
^ http://www.radiostorfjord.no/Sider/NewsDet.asp?ArtId=3942
^ http://www.tu.no/energi/article220434.ece
^ http://www.nationen.no/2010/11/18/naring/pellets/biowood_norway/flis/skogbruk/6280301/
^ http://produkter.felleskjopet.no/trade/productlist/859/
^ http://www.nobio.no/images/stories/Statistikk/2010.pdf
Kategorier: IldstederBrensel

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 1:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pellets.

Pellets are a source of energy that is made of wood, wood waste, sawmill waste, peat or agricultural waste. In Norway is as good as all production based on wood chips. Wood is cooked under pressure and pressed together without the use of binders. A pellet has a diameter of 6-12 mm. normally the pellets used in Pellet stoves and less heat distribution centres. In larger plants can a utility firelighters instead of pellets.

Content [Hide]
1
2 Norwegian production Calorific
3
4 consumption Norwegian References
Calorific [edit source]
according to Norwegian Standard NS 3165 to the energy content of a wood pellet (Group 1) be at least 16.9 MJ/kg (4,7 kWh/kg) and the moisture content be a maximum of 10%.[1] normally, the Norwegian pellets produced from spruce or pine. These tree species has a somewhat lower calorific than Birch. If this pellet late will be burned in a stove with the efficiency of 85%, the effective energy content 4.0 kWh per kg. With a pellet price on example. US $ 3.00 per kg, corresponding to a fuel price of 75 cents/kWh.

Norwegian production [edit source]
the Norwegian production was in 2010 at 45.100 tons. In addition, it imported 14,000 tonnes. Exports have dropped sharply in recent years and was in 2010 of under 1000 tons.[2]

both in Canada and the United States will be built pellet factories in terms of exports to the European market.[3] both the North American commodity prices and large scale production allows the profitability of Norwegian pellets production is under pressure. Sawmill waste forms the basis for a large part of the North American pellets production. Several Norwegian pellets manufacturers have, therefore, in the course of the last few years set the production.[4] these have had a capacity of a few tens of thousand tonnes per year. However, a Norwegian company established a large scale production of pellets to the European market. It is BioWood Norway on Averøy in Møre og Romsdal. The production is based on imported wood. The capacity of the plant is on the 450,000 tonnes per year and was officially opened in June 2010.[5] the plant, however, had major technical problem after startup so that the production first will begin to fully in 2011.[6]

Norwegian consumption [edit source]
Pellets are delivered in small bags (12-16 kg), big bags (700-1000 kg) and as the bulk. The price including VAT (2011) is located at 3.40 us $/kg in småsekk, $ 3.20/kg in storsekk and 2700 us $/ton in bulk.[7]

the total sale of pellets has increased over the last years. In 2010 it was 58,500 tons. The raise in the consumption of pellets due to the fact that there are several warm exchanges that use pellets. Sales in the bulk (both domestic and export) has therefore increased and is up in 2010 for almost 40,000 tons of that is a doubling since 2006. Sales in storsekk has been declining since the State-of-the year 2006 and was on a scant 1,300 tons in 2010. The sale of pellets in the småsekk on the other hand have varied from year to year but is still just over half of the State-of-the year 2006 and was in 2010 at just over 18,000 tons.[8]

Pellets burn very clean with very low values of soot and particulate. The burning of the pellets takes place in a special pellet stove or pellet stove

allergy sufferers and asthmatics. which are being plagued by by heating, often manages to adapt to heating with pellets stove.

in the fall of 2006, the Government of Norway to provide financial assistance for the purchase of pellet oven.

References [edit source]

NS 3165:1999 Biofuel-Cylindrical pellets of pure wood-Classification and requirements

http://www.nobio.no/images/stories/Statistikk/2010.pdf

http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/31/the-smoldering-wood-pellet-business/

http://www.radiostorfjord.no/Sider/NewsDet.asp?ArtId=3942

http://www.tu.no/energi/article220434.ece

http://www.nationen.com/2010/11/18/naring/pellets/biowood_norway/tile/forestry/6280301/

http://produkter.felleskjopet.no/trade/productlist/859/

http://www.nobio.no/images/stories/Statistikk/2010.pdf
categories: fireplaces Fuels

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia pellets. Pellets are an energy source that is made ​​from wood chips, forest waste, sawmill waste, peat or agricultural waste. In Norway, as well as all production based on wood chips. Strands are heated under pressure and pressed together without the use of binders. One pellet has a diameter of 12.6 mm. Normally the pellets used in pellet stoves and small heating plants. In larger systems can benefit briquettes instead of pellets. Contents [hide]  1 Calorific value 2 Norwegian production 3 Norwegian consumption 4 References calorific value [edit source] According to Norwegian Standard NS 3165, the energy content in wood pellets (group 1) be at least 16 , 9 MJ / kg (4.7 kWh / kg) and moisture content must be a maximum of 10%. [1] Normally, Norwegian pellets produced from spruce or pine. These species have slightly lower calorific value than birch. If the pellets are burned in a chimney with an efficiency of 85%, the effective energy content of 4.0 kWh. kg. With a pellet price of example. £ 3.00 pr. kg responds to a fuel price of 75 cents / kWh. Norwegian production [edit source] The Norwegian production in 2010 was 45,100 tons. In addition, imports of 14,000 tons. Exports have fallen sharply in recent years and in 2010 was less than 1000 tons. [2] Both in Canada and the United States is built pellets factories to export to the European market. [3] The North American commodity prices and large-scale production make economic in Norwegian pellet production is under pressure. Sawmill waste form the basis for a large part of the North American pellet production. Several Norwegian pellets manufacturers have therefore over the years set production. [4] These had a capacity of a few tens of thousand tons per year. However, a Norwegian company established large-scale production of pellets for the European market. It is BioWood Averøya in Møre and Romsdal. The production is based on imported wood. The capacity of the plant is 450,000 tons per year and was officially opened in June 2010 [5] The plant, however, had major technical problem after startup so that production will first start fully in 2011 [6] Norwegian consumption [edit source] Pellets supplied in small bags (12-16 kg), large bags (700-1000 kg) and bulk. Price including VAT (2011) is located at 3.40 NOK / kg in small bags, 3.20 NOK / kg in large sacks and 2,700 / tonne in bulk. [7] The total sales of pellets has increased in recent years. In 2010 it was 58,500 tons. The increase in consumption of pellets is because there are several heating plants that use pellets. The sale in bulk (both domestic and export) has therefore increased and in 2010 reached almost 40,000 tonnes, which is a doubling since 2006 Sales in FIBC has been declining since the peak in 2006 and was the scant 1,300 tonnes in 2010, sales of pellets in small bags however, has varied from year to year but is still roughly half the peak year of 2006 and in 2010 was just over 18,000 tonnes. [8] Pellets burn very clean with very low levels of soot and particles. The burning of pellets takes place in a special Pellet or pellet. Allergy sufferers and asthmatics who are bothered by burning wood, can often adapt to heating with Pellet. autumn 2006 approved the Norwegian government to provide financial support to purchase Pellet. References [edit source] ^ NS 3165 1999 Biofuel - Cylindrical pellets of pure wood - Classification and Requirements http://www.nobio.no/images/stories/Statistikk/2010.pdf ^ ^ http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/ 12/31 / the-smoldering-wood-pellet-business / http://www.radiostorfjord.no/Sider/NewsDet.asp?ArtId=3942 ^ ^ http://www.tu.no/energi/article220434.ece ^ http://www.nationen.no/2010/11/18/naring/pellets/biowood_norway/flis/skogbruk/6280301/ http://produkter.felleskjopet.no/trade/productlist/859/ ^ ^ http: / /www.nobio.no/images/stories/Statistikk/2010.pdf Categories: IldstederBrensel

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

From Wikipedia, the free encyklopedi


Pellets.
Pellets is a source of energy that is created by treflis, skogsavfall, sagbruksavfall, peat or landbruksavfall. In Norway, as well as all production based on treflis. Treflisa is cooked under pressure, and baler together without the use of binders. A pellet has a diameter of 6-12 mm (normally the pellets used in pellet ovens and less varmesentraler.In larger plants may be an advantage briketter instead of pellets.

Contents [Hide]
1 calorific value
2 Norwegian production
3 Norwegian consumption
4 References
calorific value[edit source]
according to Norwegian Standard NS 3165 to energiinnholdet in a trepellet (group 1) be at least 16.9 Mj/kg (4.7 kWh/kg) and its moisture content be a maximum of 10 % . [ 1] Typically, norwegian pellets made from spruce or pine.These species have a slightly lower calorific value than birch. If this pelletsen will be burned in a stove with efficiency of 85 %, effectively energiinnhold 4.0 kWh per kg With a pelletspris on e.g. £3.00 per kg answers it to a brenselpris on 75 cent/kWh.

Norwegian production[edit source]
The norwegian production was in 2010 at 45,100 tonnes. In addition, it was imported 14,000 metric tons.Exports have fallen sharply in the past few years and was in 2010 at under 1,000 tons. [ 2]

both in Canada and the United States is built pelletsfabrikker for exporting to the European market. [ 3] both North American commodities and storskalaproduksjon allows profitability in the Norwegian pelletsproduksjon is under pressure.Sagbruksavfall forms the basis for a large part of the north american pelletsproduksjonen. Several Norwegian pelletsprodusenter therefore has in the last few years set production. [ 4] these have had a capacity of a few dozen thousand tonnes per year. However, a Norwegian enterprise established large-scale production of pellets to the European market.It is BioWood Norway on Averøya in Møre og Romsdal. Production is based on imported wood. The capacity of the plant is at 450,000 tonnes per year and was officially åpna in June 2010. [ 5] The facility had, however, major technical problem after start-up so that production will start in 2011. [ 6]

Norwegian consumption[edit source]
Pellets delivered in småsekker (12-16 12-16 12-16 kg),Storsekker (700-1000 lbs) and that bulk. The Price including VAT (2011) is located on 3.40 kr/kg in småsekk, 3.20 kr/kg sack and 2700 kr/tonnes in bulk. [ 7]

The total sales of pellets has increased in recent years. IN 2010 it was 58,500 tons. Økingen in consumption of pellets is due to the fact that there are several varmesentraler that uses pellets.The sale in bulk (both domestic and export) has therefore increased and in 2010 raised in almost 40,000 tonnes of which is a doubling since 2006. Sales in sack has been downward since toppåret 2006, and was of scant 1,300 tonnes in 2010. Sales of pellets in småsekk, however, has varied from year to year but are still steep half of toppåret 2006 and was in 2010 totalling 18,000 tons. [ 8]

Pellets burn very clean with very low values of soot and dirt particles. Burning pellets takes place in a special pelletsovn or pelletskamin.

Allergy Sufferers and astmatikere being bothered by wood-burning fire, successfully often to adapt fyring of pelletsovn.

Autumn 2006 adopted the Norwegian government to provide financial support to purchase pelletsovn.

References[edit source]

NS 3165:1999 Biofuel - Cylindrical pellets of pure wood - Classification and requirements

http://www.nobio.no/images/stories/Statistikk/2010.pdf

http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/31/the-smoldering-wood-pellet-business/

http://www.radiostorfjord.no/Sider/NewsDet.asp?ArtId=3942

http://www.tu.no/energi/article220434.ece

http://www.nationen.No/ 2010/11/ 18/naring/pellets/biowood_norway/tile/forestry/ 6280301/

http://produkter.felleskjopet.no/trade/productlist/859/

http://www.nobio.no/images/stories/Statistikk/2010.pdf
Kategorier: IldstederBrensel